CERTS Microgrid Laboratory Test Bed (California Energy Commission Public Interest Energy Research (PIER) Program Final Report

The Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions (CERTS) Microgrid Laboratory Test Bed project's objective was to ease the integration of small energy sources into a microgrid. The project developed and demonstrated three advanced techniques, collectively referred to as the CERTS Microgrid concept, that significantly reduce the level of custom field engineering needed to operate microgrids consisting of small generating sources. The following three techniques comprise the CERTS Microgrid concept:

• A method for effecting automatic and seamless transitions between grid‐connected and islanded, or isolated, modes of operation.
• An approach to electrical protection within the microgrid that does not depend on being triggered by abnormal electrical currents.
• A method for microgrid control that achieves voltage and frequency stability under islanded conditions without requiring high‐speed communications.

The project demonstrated these three basic techniques at a full‐scale test facility built near Columbus, Ohio, and operated by American Electric Power. The testing fully confirmed earlier research that had been conducted initially through analytical simulations, then through laboratory emulations, and finally through factory acceptance testing of individual microgrid components. The islanding and resychronization method met all Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 1547 and power quality requirements. The electrical protection system distinguished between normal operation and situations when the grid experienced voltage and frequency stability problems. The controls were robust under all conditions, including difficult motor starts.

The project's test results should lead to the additional testing of enhancements to these three techniques at the test facility to improve the business case for microgrid technologies, as well to field demonstrations involving microgrids that involve one or more of the CERTS Microgrid concepts.

List of Appendices

Appendix A. Test Bed Design Schematics

Appendix B. CERTS Microgrid Test Plan

Appendix C. Youtility Factory Test Plan Final Test Results

Appendix D. Tecogen 60kW Inverter-Based CHP Modules: Factory Testing

Appendix E. Tecogen CHP Modules Commissioning Report

Appendix F. CERTS Test Bed CERTEQUIP-V06-002, CERTS Switch, Low Power Factory Acceptance Test Report

 Appendix G. Summary of CERTS Microgrid Static Switch Power Quality Tests at AEP Dolan, CERTS Microgrid Static Switch Testing

Appendix H. CERTS Test Bed Design and Commissioning: Lessons Learned Summary

Appendix I. Test Plan Section 6.0 Microgrid Test Bed System Checkout

Appendix J. Test Plan Section 7.0 Validate Protection Settings and Initial Fault Testing

Appendix K. Test Plan Section 8.0 Reduced System Tests

Appendix L. Test Plan Section 9.0 Power Flow Control Tests

Appendix M. Test Plan Section 10.0 Difficult Loads

Appendix N. Test Log

Appendix O. Technical Advisory Committee Meeting Summary and Review Comments

Appendix P. Microgrid Fault Protection Based on Symmetrical and Differential Current